Business System Analysis and Design Notes

*IS:arrangement of people,data,processes,information innovation that communicate to collect,process,provide as yield the information expected to help the association. Sorts of IS: TPS,MIS,decision bolster system,communications and coordinated effort system,expert framework, office mechanization framework and official information systemTypes of Stakeholders:System proprietors (center and official directors, supervisors),System clients (clinical& administration workers,technical and proficient laborers; suppliers,customers,employees),System Builders (arrange admin,security admin,data base programmer,system programmer),System Designers (web archs,graphic artists,network architectures),External specialist co-op (deals engineers, innovation engineers, framework consultants),Project manager,System analyst:is an issue solver,he/she contemplates business probs and opportunities,then change them into data that will be utilized by specialized specialists.System analyst:specialist who consi ders issues and needs of an association to decide how people,data,processes and data innovation can best achieve enhancements for the business. Aptitudes by System Analyst:Working information on data technology(The examiner must know about both existing and developing data technologies),Computer programming, experience and expertise,General business knowledge,General critical thinking skills,Good relational correspondence skills,Good relational relations skills,Flexibility and adaptability,Character and morals. Information sys architecture:provides an establishment for arranging different segments of any data sys you want to create. a binding together structure into which different partners with alternate points of view can sort out and see the crucial structure squares of data frameworks. Perspectives on information System proprietors see: Interested not in crude information however in data. (Business elements and business rules) System users’view: View information as someth ing recorded on forms,stored in document cabinets,recorded in books and spreadsheets,or put away on computer.Focus on business issues as they relate to information. Information necessity System designers’ see: Data structures,database schemas,fields,indexes,and imperatives of specific database the executives framework (DBMS). Framework builders’ see: SQL,DBMS or other information advancements Views of procedure System owners’view:Concerned with significant level procedures called business functions.A cross-utilitarian data framework System users’view:Concerned with work that must be performed to give the proper reactions to business occasions. Business processes,Process requirements,Policy,Procedure, Work stream System designers’view:Concerned with which procedures to robotize and how to mechanize them. Programming determinations System builders’view:Concerned with programming rationale that executes computerized forms. Application program,P rototyping Views of correspondence System owners’ see: Who? Where? What?System users’ see: Concerned with the data system’s sources of info and yields. Framework designers’ see: Concerned with the specialized structure of both the client and the framework to-framework correspondence interfaces. Framework builders’ see: Concerned with the development, establishment, testing and execution of client and framework to-framework interface arrangements *Basic standards of framework advancement: Get the framework clients included. Utilize a critical thinking approach. Build up stages and exercises. Archive through turn of events. Set up standards.Manage the procedure and undertakings. Legitimize frameworks as capital ventures. Don’t be hesitant to drop or update scope. Separation and overcome. Plan frameworks for development and change. The need to improve: Performance Info Eco/controlcosts Control/Security Efficiency Service Phases for framework ad vancement: scope definition, issue investigation, necessities examination, intelligent structure, choice examination, physical designand combination, development and testing, establishment and conveyance. Cross life-cycle movement: Fact-discovering, Documentation and introduction Documentation, Presentation, Repository), Feasibility investigation, Process and venture the executives Routes through the fundamental frameworks advancement stages: model driven improvement methodologies (process, information, object demonstrating), Rapid application improvement (RAD), business application bundle usage, framework support *Benefits of utilization case displaying: Provides apparatus for catching practical necessities. Helps with breaking down framework into reasonable pieces. Gives methods for imparting clients/partners concerning framework usefulness in language they understand.Provides methods for recognizing, allocating, following, controlling, and the executives framework advancement exe rcises. Gives help in assessing venture degree, exertion, and timetable. The connections that can show up on an utilization case model outline: Use case affiliation relationship, augmentation use case, theoretical use case, relies upon, legacy Use case †a typically related arrangement of steps (situation), both mechanized and manual, to finish a solitary business task.Steps for setting up an utilization case model: Identify business entertainers. Distinguish business use cases. Develop use-case model graph. Reports business necessities use-case accounts *Data modeling(database modeling)â€a strategy for arranging and recording a system’s information. Information Modeling Concepts:Entity(class of people, places, articles, occasions, or ideas about which we have to catch and store data),Attribute(descriptive property or normal for an entity.Synonyms incorporate component, property and field), Data type(property of a trait that recognizes what sort of information can be p ut away in that attribute),Domain(a property of a characteristic that characterizes what esteems a quality can honestly take on),Default value(the esteem that will be recorded if a worth isn't indicated by the user),Key(an quality, or a gathering of properties, that expect an interesting an incentive for every substance example. It is once in a while called an identifier),Subsetting criteria(an characteristic whose limited qualities partition all substance cases into helpful subsets.Sometimes called a reversal entry),Relationship(a regular business affiliation that exists between at least one entities),Cardinality(the least and most extreme number of events of one element that might be identified with a solitary event of the other entity),Degree(the number of elements that take part in the relationship),Recursive relationship(a relationship that exists between examples of the equivalent entity),Foreign key(a essential key of an element that is utilized in another element to distingu ish cases of a relationship),Parent entity(a information element that contributes at least one credits to another element, considered the child.In a one-to-numerous relationship the parent is the element on the â€Å"one† side),Child entity(a information element that determines at least one properties from another element, considered the parent.In a one-to-numerous relationship the kid is the element on the â€Å"many† side),Nonidentifying relationship(relationship where each partaking element has its own free essential key), Identifying relationship †relationship in which the parent entity’ key is likewise part of the essential key of the kid entity,Generalization(a idea wherein the ascribes that are normal to a few sorts of an element are gathered into their own entity),Nonspecific relationship(relationship where numerous occurrences of an element are related with numerous cases of another entity.Also called many-to-numerous relationship) ,Sample CASE Too l Notations Entity relationship chart (ERD):a information model using a few documentations to portray information as far as the elements and connections depicted by that information. Coherent Model Development Stages:1Context Data model(Includes just substances and relationships;To set up venture scope). 2Key-based information model(Eliminate vague relationships;Add affiliated entities;Include essential and interchange keys;Precise cardinalities). Completely ascribed information model(All remaining attributes;Subsetting measures). 4Normalized information model Normalize an intelligent information model to evacuate debasements that can make a database flimsy, unbendable, and nonscalable. First ordinary structure (1NF):entity whose characteristics have close to one incentive for a solitary occasion of that entity,Any qualities that can have various qualities really depict a different element, conceivably an element and relationship.Second typical structure (2NF):entity whose nonprimar y-key properties are reliant on the full essential key,Any nonkey traits subject to just piece of the essential key ought to be moved to substance where that fractional key is the full key,May require making another element and relationship on the model. Third typical structure (3NF):entity whose nonprimary-key traits are not subject to some other non-essential key characteristics. *Model:pictorial portrayal of reality.Logical model:nontechnical pictorial portrayal that delineates what a framework is or does. Physical model:technical pictorial portrayal that delineates what a framework is or does and how the framework is actualized Process modeling:a method used to sort out and archive a system’s forms. (Stream of information through processes,Logic,Policies,Procedures) Data stream outline (DFD):a process model used to delineate the progression of information through a framework and the work or preparing performed by the system.Synonyms are bubble diagram, change chart, and p rocedure model. The DFD has additionally become a mainstream instrument for business process overhaul. Procedures on DFDs can work in equal (simultaneously). DFDs show the progression of information through a framework. Procedures on a DFD can have drastically extraordinary planning (day by day, week by week, on request) Context information stream diagram:a process model used to archive the extension for a framework. Additionally called the ecological model. Think about the framework as a â€Å"black box. â€Å"2As

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer

Workmanship Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer I chose to assess the citation by Pablo Picasso: Art is a falsehood that brings us closer to reality on the grounds that the case contains a few issues that, contingent upon the definition, may prompt further challenges in understanding. I'm not catching our meaning by truth?; What is an untruth; What do we mean by expressions?; Who do we consider when saying us? A bit of workmanship, as a different subject, is hermetically comprehended by each person. It moves all of us, the two makers and collectors of the craftsmanship prompting explicit, individual, ends. In this way, the primary supposition as well as the fundamental result of human expressions is relativism; that is the reason we can't express any outright qualities in it. As Pablo Picasso once stated: You won't comprehend expressions as long as you wont comprehend that in expressions 1+1 may give any outcome yet 2â [1]â . This underlines, I accept, that craftsmanship is always unable to offer a flat out response, accordingly is a lie in outright terms. Consequently, workmanship plots just the craftsmen individual impression, his reality, and can't be a proportion of any unambiguous qualification between the outright and impression itself. Since it is the citation of Pablo Picasso that is assessed in this exposition, it tends to be disclosed comparable to cubist hypothesis of truth. The hypothesis asserts the all out truth is a total everything being equal. So the more close to home facts, in relativistic terms, or different falsehoods (not gap certainties), in total terms, are included, the closer one gets to knowing the genuine truth. That is the way the workmanship is a falsehood that encourages us understand reality. I will demonstrate my theory by dissecting what sort of truth do works of art of Johannes Vermeer, a pragmatist, Pierre Auguste Renoir, an impressionist, Edward Munch, an expressionist, and Rij Rousseau, a cubist, inform me independently and inside and out regarding ladies. These crafts men, and explicit developments they speak to, were picked due to the hidden differentiation in both seeing reality and communicating it. They speak to changed methodologies which will permit to introduce defects in each view and make moderate determination, which falls into the proposal of the examination. The work of art The Milkmaid , by Vermeer, shows a lady remaining in a kitchen, setting up a supper. Her face is quiet and it very well may be decided from her garments and the substance of the room that she lives in relative extravagance. The artistic creation presents by one way or another the truth of the seventeenth century social circumstance in Netherlands which gives me a social and authentic truth concerning lady. Furthermore, Vermeers truth about ladies is that they are the watchmen of the family units. His view falls into correspondence hypothesis of truth, which guarantees that something is valid in the event that it relates to a reality. In spite of ongoing XXth centurys social changes concerning womans position, they have consistently assumed a significant job in dealing with home. The development itself is a case of authenticity that involves in the mimetic hypothesis of craftsmanship. The idea of mimesis expect that the reason for the workmanship is to duplicate realit y. Consequently the issue emerges while assessing authenticity is it bogus in light of the fact that it manages impersonation, or it is valid through Catch 22 of fiction-that the model presents a few regularities of human conduct? I accept that by taking from the character her own personality in return for making a summed up model, Vermeer in reality prevents the individual truth about this lady. He adequately presents the social request and verifiable truth, anyway speculation is constantly concerned uniquely with normal, not with all prospects. The canvas Woman with a canine of Renoir presents a lady with a pooch sitting in the grass. The foggy bends are utilized so as to show development of the grass. By taking a gander at the sprout and the rosy shade on a young lady it very well may be made a decision about it is a late evening. Renoirs truth in this artistic creation applies just to womans look in a particular spot at a particular time. Moreover, the composition says something individual regarding her-that she most likely appreciated investing her energy near the nature, since her face communicates delight, and that she presumably appreciated watching nightfalls. The artistic creation is a perfect case of impressionism. As Childe Hassamâ [4]â once saw: The genuine impressionism is authenticity that such huge numbers of individuals don't watch. The significant distinction, be that as it may, between these two ideas is that impressionism attempts to demonstrate that fact isn't a speculation, as in authenticity. Rather, it reveals reality with regards to specific items comparable to quite certain time and spot. In this manner, impressionism additionally falls into correspondence hypothesis of truth since Renoirs painting compares to a reality young ladies look during a nightfall. In any case, since impressionists attempted to deify the very look we should ask ourselves how great truth is that? Following Monets musings I expect that reality with regards to everything would be ruined in a progression of looks. In this way, indicating only one of the uncountable in their number looks gives us just an irrelevantly little piece of reality with regards to ladies all in all and the young lady specifically. The artistic creation Madonna by Edvard Munch presents a lady with indented circles and thin stance which makes her resemble an evil spirit. The baby in the left corner represents ripeness and in this way delineates lady as a wellspring of life. Her face communicates encountering happiness and by connecting this picture with the title of a piece, Madonna, which is the Christian view of a Holy mother, Munch corrupted the estimation of lady. The craftsman was a sexist and his fact is that a lady is a wellspring of all affliction, the mother of blasphemy and the manifestation of unadulterated evil. [6] Expressionists, similar to Munch, dismissed mimetic way to deal with expressions; rather they needed to show the world through the crystal of their own recognition. Consequently, the essential thought in this development was not to mimic reality (so they were not intrigued by absolutes), yet to introduce the exceptionally emotional and extremely genuine beliefs similarly as in the int elligence hypothesis of truth. The hypothesis guarantees that a suggestion is valid on the off chance that it fits in with our general allowance of faith based expectations. In spite of the fact that the idea of lady being a devil could be valid for Munch, for lion's share of individuals it would be seen as radical and partial view. Be that as it may, expressionism, due to its crucial suspicions, talks a greater amount of the painter than of the world. Munchs observation gets from dread of lady that is the reason it is so limited. By the by, this limitation is an intentional activity. Creator, as an expressionist, through his works lets me know: This is MY fact, what is yours? The artistic creation of Rij-Rousseau doesn't portray, as the title could recommended, the external look. In Portrait she delineated three distinct bodies which shows the multifaceted nature and decent variety of womens nature. It very well may be happy and warm (orange), or apathetic and cold (green), and there is additionally the individual between them, inadequately obvious, earthy colored mimicking the entire vulnerability and riddle of different womans encapsulations. Rousseaus truth about lady is covered up in images: the green face takes after a veil, so the external look, which would imply that the gay individual speaks to the inward idea of lady. Along these lines, the artistic creation speaks to the very substance of the cubist hypothesis of truth-to introduce the article in the vastest setting conceivable by thinking about it from numerous perspectives. At the end of the day cubism accept that we are drawing nearer to reality the more points of view we become more acquaint ed with. In any case, presently once more, how great truth is that? I presently understand that the essential truth about lady implies summarizing all the individual facts about every lady independently, yet it is an outlandish undertaking. Besides, any endeavor to draw a scientifically moderate view about lady would mean returning to the earliest reference point, so the ideas of speculation and mimesis. In this way, what is increased through managing expressions isn't just discovering how extraordinary is our own obliviousness, yet additionally how out of reach to understand, and difficult to portray, the unadulterated truth is. What have I increased through managing the canvases of Vermeer, Renoir, Munch and Rousseau? The Milkmaid mentioned to me what the societal position in Netherlands was in XVIIth century. Renoir deified a few young ladies take a gander at the hour of a dusk, the feelings that her face communicated and the move of the grass around her. Crunch let me know of his most noteworthy disdain and dread of ladies. Rousseau indicated not to confide in the early introduction in light of the fact that a lady is a complex being. Consequently, I am more shrewd with the perspectives on these four works of art, bramble now I understand I am less fortunate with the absence of the observations delineated in another thousands compositions. Therefore, I realize that I know nothingâ [8]â of the essential truth about lady, since I just got a handle on just a thought of the certainties unpredictability. At the point when Picasso said that craftsmanship is an untruth that encourages us understand reality I a ccept he didnt mean a particular style, for example he didnt imply that authenticity is a falsehood, yet that all the accomplishments in expressions, in all styles and presumptions, are simply not complete. Having at the top of the priority list that Picasso really made cubism, I cannot avoid assessing his case corresponding to cubist hypothesis of truth. As per this thought the unadulterated truth is a mosaic made out of different components singular methodologies. As it were, what Picasso implied is that expressions is shut in explicit limits of various styles and can't present the entire picture, thusly is an untruth. Be that as it may, as new structures and ideas are made the more points of view are included and, piece by piece, the mosaic is being finished.

Waitlist Information COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Waitlist Information COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Admissions Committee spent several hours in meetings on Wednesday making decisions but very few decisions were sent out yesterday.   Once a decision is made, a series of steps must be completed to finalize things in our system.   We are in the rolling process where as we make decisions we will publish them.   As a reminder, we send an email notifying an applicant that the decision has been posted so there is no reason to log in to the system prior to receiving an email. Those that have been admitted should still follow this blog for information, but you also have the Welcome Page and Admitted Student Message board as well.   For this entry I thought I would tackle the difficult situation some applicants find themselves in: on the waitlist.   I will do my best to shed some light upon how the waitlist process is handled by the Admissions Committee at SIPA.   I will start off by saying that the process of considering applicants placed on the waitlist can possibly best be described as “organic.” What I mean by this is that the process of making waitlist offers does not follow a strict format or specific timeline.   Rather, it is a process that has a life of its own due to the fact that the availability of seats in the fall class once initial admission offers are sent out is dependent upon factors over which the Committee largely has no control. To shed some light on the timeline, this year we have given admitted applicants until May 2nd to respond to their offer of admission.   Some admitted applicants will pay enrollment deposits right away, however past history shows that the vast majority wait until the very last minute.   Thus we will not have a clear picture of responses for quite a while.   Once the enrollment deposit deadline passes the picture becomes clearer, but the picture is subject to constant change over the summer. In past years we have made offers of admission to select candidates on the waitlist as early as April and as late as August.   The reason I describe the process as organic is that we never know when a candidate who has paid a deposit will contact us and let us know that circumstances have changed in a way that will not allow them to enroll. For example, international students sometimes face the unique challenge of trying to complete government paperwork for a visa.   This process does not always go smoothly and late in the summer we may be notified by a candidate that the paperwork will not be completed on time, thus opening a seat in the fall class.   We have no way to predict this, but with such a large number of international applicants it is not uncommon for this to happen. For other applicants, something unexpected happens and they contact us to let us know they will not be able to enroll and will thus forfeit their seat.   The Admissions Committee obviously has no way of predicting such circumstances. So part one of the waitlist story deals with uncertain circumstances and part two of the story is process.   When we are able to make an offer to candidates on the waitlist, how does the process work? If you are on the waitlist you know that we ask you to fill out a form indicating your interest in remaining on the waitlist.   The link to the waitlist form that needs to be filled out can be found in the waitlist letter.   The vast majority return this form indicating that they do wish to remain on the waitlist, but just like circumstances with admitted applicants change, so do circumstances with waitlist candidates change. After all admission decisions have been published, every few weeks the Admissions Committee will meet to evaluate fall enrollment.   After these meetings I will send out emails to those who have chosen to remain on the waitlist providing them with an update.   My first update email is likely to go out in early April.   I cannot promise a decision can be made by early April, however I will have an update (sent to those on the waitlist for email) as I know many schools require decisions by April 15th. If spaces are available how are waitlist candidates chosen?   Again it is an organic process.   We do not have number rankings for the waitlist and the size of the waitlist changes over time as candidates notify us that they no longer wish to be considered. When it comes time to consider candidates from the waitlist, files are read once again.   Although a “full read” might not be necessary, Committee members will review reader comment sheets.   As the reading is done, we get a feel for the overall landscape of those on the waitlist and make decisions.   We only review information submitted by the application deadline, we do not accept additional documents for waitlist consideration. Candidates offered admission from the waitlist receive an email from our office indicating that the decision is available on the application Web site.   Those not offered admission remain on the waitlist and continue to get email updates. I realize the process of waiting is not easy.   We will do our best to keep those on the waitlist updated, but as you can see, the process does not give us the ability to provide specific answers at specific times.   In summary, if you have chosen to remain on the waitlist we will contact you intermittently with updates, along with asking if you wish to remain on the waitlist.   The Committee will read files of those on the waitlist “as is” â€" meaning we will not accept additional documents or information for consideration.   Our first update will likely go out in early April. Please also note that SIPA is unable to award fellowship funding to those admitted from the waitlist.   U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents can qualify for federal and possibly state based aid, but all SIPA funding is allocated in the first round of admission decisions.   I would advise both domestic and international students to review the financial aid information on our Web site so that if we are able to make an offer, you are prepared to complete the appropriate paperwork.

Gender Based Violence And The Young Girls And Women

Issues within your own society go far beyond what you may be exposed to. This is important to understand when attempting to educate societies and help the young girls and women within them. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) aim to do just that. These organizations tackle a great deal of issues including, but not limited to, gender-based violence, sex-trafficking, forced or inter-generational prostitution, girls’ education, maternal health, and genital cutting. Gender-based violence is violence against women based on women’s subordinate status in society. (Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights 2003, Web) This type of violence is far too common in Latin America countries. In places like Mexico, there are many women who accept a rather unfair set of cultural ideas known as Marianismo. This ideology forces women to believe that the adversities brought forth by men are actually fundamental to womanhood and motherhood. On the other end of the spectrum are men who are often responsible for domestic violence against women and associated with child abandonment. (Pearson Education 2007, Print.) These men are known as â€Å"macho† men, and they follow an ideology called Machismo. These sets of beliefs are thought to prove the masculinity of these men. Often times when trying to prove this, they take control of women and engage in activities such as drinking, sex, and violence. Sex is something extremely important to these men. Their high sex drive means that their women must cater toShow MoreRelatedViolence Against Women And Girls942 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Disease and Prevention, violence is a public health problem in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010). Violence affects people of all ages ranging from infants, children, elderly to the disabled. For my health promotion activity, I choose Gender- based violence which is any act of violence against women and girls. Violence against women and girls has been a global issue that needs to be addressed. The issue of gender based violence is not only a public healthRead MoreGender Equality And Women s Rights1274 Words   |  6 Pages Women in the world still face discrimination and gender equality takes action to achieve women’s rights. AAUW provides and gives women the chance to have an education, while Catalyst reaches out to women to carry out equal pay, equal participation in the workplace, and remove discrimination. UN Women attains to human rights for women. Throughout history women have fought for gender equality in the workplace and in education, and every year organizations like AAUW, Catalyst, and UN Women haveRead MoreGender Based Discrimination And Social Norms1233 Words   |  5 PagesGender-based discrimination and social norms are the most common causes of violence against women. Theoretically, these societal norms that have been in grated to us since childhood lead us to believe that the male gender has the right to do whatever they want while at the same time restrict the female gender from doing the same or condemn or punish them if they fail to obey such stigmas. So far, efforts have only focused on responses and services for survivors; given the devastating effect violenceRead MoreDe Beauvoirs â€Å"Woman as Other†1394 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Woman as Other† De Beauvoir’s â€Å"Woman as Other† lays out an elaborate argument on gender inequality; using the term â€Å"other† to establish woman’s alternate, lesser important role throughout her work, the author dissects and examines from its origin the female’s secondary position in society in contrast to man. Indeed, from the beginning of recorded history, the duality of man, by definition, positions woman at the opposing end of the spectrum in relation to her male counterpart. Even by today’sRead MoreGender Inequality And Violence Against Women1375 Words   |  6 Pagesshould be. From a young age boys are indoctrinated with the idea that in order to be a man one must be emotionless, though, and fearless. Unfortunately this ideology has created a plethora of problems within America and the creation of a dominate patriarchy that has led a loss of right for woman and violence against them. Although, this idea that women are second class which has be en persistent in society is slowly changing, thanks to work of men who are willing to fight alongside women and stand up forRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1269 Words   |  6 Pagesmanipulated which gender is able to have full access to resources. On the rights spectrum, women have severely suffered because dating back before The Women’s Rights Movement, women were left with the burden of the responsibility of raising children and domestic duties. 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Gendered violence is violence that occurs because of the role expectations associated with each gender, as well as the unequal power relationships between the genders (Defining Gender-Based Violence). The more common form of this is violence against women. One campaign that is working diligently to try and eliminate this problem is the White Ribbon Campaign. The White Ribbon Campaign is a movement of boys and men working to end violence against females and promote gender equity.Read MoreSocialization And Discrimination Of Gender Within Our Education System1738 Words   |  7 Pagesand girls receive the same exposure to education and what it may hold, right? The socialization and discrimination of gender within our education system assures that young women are made aware that they are unequal to their male peers. Eve ry time a girl is oppressed in a setting where she has the right to feel comfortable and safe in, it not only shows the young girl how society views her but it changes the way others may see her. It is easy to dismiss this phenomena and blame it on the girls andRead More`` Riding The Bull At Gilleys `` And The Socio Cultural Models Of Rape1685 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes and behaviors from men and women. The United States has reported more incidences of violence towards women more than any other modern society. Society expects boys and girls to conform to female and male gender roles. The gender roles are a set of learned behaviors that prepare young boys to be potential aggressors and little girls to be victims. I believe this is due to the overly aggressive masculinization of the male’s role in society. Young men are encouraged to be powerful, rugged

Ethnographic Paper Free Essays

On November Seventh, 2012 at 1:39 PM I went to Naan Stop to continue my observations from before. I went in and it was the same employee who has been working there all eight times I’ve gone in. As usual I was the only person there, the radio was playing a popular pop song by the band One Direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnographic Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The owner of the store was in the back and popped out to say hello to me and ask how I was doing. I got my usual, a small mocha Boba and I waited as the employee, a young Mexican probably in his 20’s made the Boba with the same frown he has on every time I come in. I stayed in Naan stop for twenty minutes and no one came in. On November Sixth 4:50 PM I went to Naan stop with my friend and we got Boba. We were the only ones in there at first but then two Indian men in their late twenties came in and greeted the owner. They spoke in what I assumed was hindi and then switched to english and then back to hindi. I gathered that both the Indian men were graduate students at UCSB at some point and had returned for the weekend to say hello to old friends. I found it odd that they didn’t order anything from Naan Stop, they chatted with the owner and took a picture with him and then left. The music playing during their encounter was again pop culture. If there wasn’t Indian food and a couple of small cultural Indian statues one would never know it was an Indian Restaurant. My friend waited ten minutes after the Indian men left for new people to come in but got frustrated and left. I stayed for 40 minutes and within my 40 minutes two undergrad students came in and got pick up Indian and left, four girls all wearing their Alpha Phi letters came in ordered Boba and left. A middle aged man and his wife came in, I recognized them from two weeks ago when I was doing observations. The wife, similar to last time, was wearing an extremely low cut shirt and her breasts were actually spilling out. The man was in a wife beater, they ordered Indian food and were the first customers I’d seen in the last two days to actually eat the food at the restaurant. They were very loud and I’d assume that they were lower class or lower middle class. The woman went on and on about her â€Å"fancy† sister going to Mexico. She kept saying fancy with such disdain, the one Mexican employee perked up at the name of Mexico but then got uninterested and went back to staring at his phone as the lady went on and on how her sister had a better life. The man kept staring at me and I felt pretty uncomfortable, I believe he was aware that I was observing them. He whispered something to his wife and they both turned around and stared at me as I was pretending to text someone. They finished their dinner shortly after and as they threw out their trash the woman rolled her eyes at me. They resented being the objects of my observation and I’m pretty sure their anger stemmed from embarrassment. As soon as they left and were out of eye sight I packed up my things and left. How to cite Ethnographic Paper, Essay examples

Mental Health Problems in the Workplace Essay Sample free essay sample

Low intervention rates imperil workers’ callings and companies’ productiveness. Mental wellness jobs affect many employees — a fact that is normally overlooked because these upsets tend to be hidden at work. Research workers analysing consequences from the U. S. National Comorbidity Survey. a nationally representative survey of Americans ages 15 to 54. reported that 18 % of those who were employed said they experienced symptoms of a mental wellness upset in the old month. But the stigma attached to holding a psychiatric upset is such that employees may be loath to seek intervention — particularly in the current economic clime — out of fright that they might endanger their occupations. At the same clip. directors may desire to assist but aren’t certain how to make so. And clinicians may happen themselves in unfamiliar district. at the same time seeking to handle a patient while supplying advice about covering with the unwellness at work. As a consequence. mental wellness upsets frequently go unrecognised and untreated — non merely damaging an individual’s wellness and calling. but besides cut downing productiveness at work. Adequate intervention. on the other manus. can relieve symptoms for the employee and better occupation public presentation. But carry throughing these purposes requires a displacement in attitudes about the nature of mental upsets and the acknowledgment that such a worthwhile accomplishment takes attempt and clip. Here’s a speedy usher to the most common mental wellness jobs in the workplace. and how they affect both employees and employers. Key points * Symptoms of mental wellness upsets may be different at work than in other state of affairss. * Although these upsets may do absenteeism. the biggest impact is in lost productiveness. * Studies suggest that intervention improves work public presentation. but is non a speedy hole. | Stealth symptoms. touchable impact Symptoms of common jobs — such as depression. bipolar upset. attending shortage hyperactivity upset ( ADHD ) . and anxiousness — are all described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition ( DSM-IV ) . But symptoms tend to attest otherwise at work than they do at place or in other scenes. Although symptoms may travel unnoticed. the economic effects are touchable. Studies measuring the full work impact of mental wellness upsets frequently use the World Health Organization ( WHO ) Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. which non merely asks employees to describe how many yearss they called in sick. but besides asks them to measure. on a ranked graduated table. how productive they were on the yearss they really were at work. The consequences are measured in yearss out of work ( absenteeism ) and lost productiveness ( â€Å"presenteeism† ) . In one survey analyzing the fiscal impact of 25 chronic physical and mental wellness job s. research workers polled 34. 622 employees at 10 companies. The research workers tabulated the sum of money the companies spent on medical and pharmaceutics costs for employees. every bit good as employees’ self-reported absenteeism and lost productiveness. utilizing the WHO questionnaire. When research workers ranked the most dearly-won wellness conditions ( including direct and indirect costs ) . depression ranked first. and anxiousness ranked 5th — with fleshiness. arthritis. and back and cervix hurting in between. Many of the surveies in this field have concluded that the indirect costs of mental wellness upsets — peculiarly lost productiveness — exceed companies’ disbursement on direct costs. such as wellness insurance parts and pharmaceutics disbursals. Given the by and large low rates of intervention. the research workers suggest that companies should put in the mental wellness of workers — non merely for the interest of the employees but to better their ain underside line. Depression is the me ntal wellness upset that has been best studied in the workplace. partially because it is so common in the general population. One study of a nationally representative sample reported that about 6 % of employees experience symptoms of depression in any given twelvemonth. Although the DSM-IV lists low temper as the specifying symptom of depression. in the workplace this upset is more likely to attest in behaviours — such as jitteriness. restlessness. or crossness — and in physical ailments. such as a preoccupation with achings and strivings. In add-on. employees may go inactive. withdrawn. aimless. and unproductive. They besides may be fatigued at work. partially as a consequence of the temper upset or because they are holding problem kiping at dark. Depression may besides impair judgement or cloud determination devising. Research workers who analyzed employee responses to the WHO questionnaire found that workers with depression reported the equivalent of 27 lost work yearss per twelvemonth — nine of them because of ill yearss or other clip taken out of work. and another 18 reflecting lost productiveness. Other research has found that employees with depression are more likely than others to lose their occupations and to alter occu pations often. Part of the job may be deficiency of intervention. In one survey. merely 57 % of employees with symptoms of major depression said they had received mental wellness intervention in the old 12 months. Of those in intervention. fewer than half — about 42 % — were having intervention considered equal. on the footing of how consistent it was with published guidelines about minimum criterions of attention. The research workers estimated that over all. when deficiency of intervention or unequal intervention was taken into history. merely about one in four employees with major depression received equal intervention for the upset. Bipolar upset is typically characterized by cycling between elevated ( frenzied ) and down tempers. In a frenzied stage. employees may look extremely energetic and originative. but existent productiveness may endure. And during matured passion. a individual may go self-aggrandising or riotous. flout workplace regulations. be excessively aggressive. and do errors in judgement ( such as overspending a budget ) . During the depressive stage. an employee may exhibit depressive symptoms as described above. Although passion may be more noticeable at wor k. the research suggests that the depressive stage of bipolar upset can impair public presentation more than the frenzied stage. One nationally representative survey estimated that about 1 % of American employees suffer from bipolar upset in any twelvemonth. Based on employee responses to the WHO questionnaire. the research workers estimated that employees with bipolar upset lost the equivalent of about 28 work yearss per twelvemonth from ill clip and other absences. and another 35 in lost productiveness. The writers note that although bipolar upset may be more disenabling to employees on an single degree. the cost to employers is still less than that attributed to depression. because the latter is more common in the population. In a going from findings about intervention rates for other mental wellness upsets. about two-thirds of employees with bipolar upset said they had received intervention for it. But the likeliness of having equal attention depended on the type of clinician they saw. Merely approximately 9 % of those who sought attention from general practicians received attention in maintaining with published guidelines for bipolar upset. compared with 45 % of those who sought attention from mental wellness professionals. Anxiety upsets in the workplace may attest as restlessness. weariness. trouble concentrating. and extra badgering. Employees may necessitate changeless reassurance about public presentation. Sometimes. as with depression. physical symptoms or crossness may be noticeable. Anxiety upsets affect about 6 % of the population at some point in life. but typically go undiagnosed for 5 to 10 old ages. And merely about one in three persons with a diagnosed upset receives intervention for it. At the same clip. the surveies suggest that people with anxiousness upsets are more likely than others to seek out medical attention — but for jobs like GI hurt. sleep perturbations. or bosom problem instead than for anxiousness. It is likely non surprising. so. that anxiousness upsets cause important work damage. Generalized anxiousness upset. for illustration. consequences in work damage ( as measured by ill yearss and lost productiveness ) similar to that attributed to major depression. ADHD is frequently considered a job merely in childhood. but it besides affects grownups. An international study in 10 states ( including the United States ) estimated that 3. 5 % of employees have ADHD. In the workplace. symptoms of ADHD may attest as disorganisation. failure to run into deadlines. inability to pull off work loads. jobs following instructions from supervisors. and statements with colleagues. Workplace public presentation — and the employee’s calling — may endure. Surveies estimate that people with ADHD may lose 22 yearss per twelvemonth ( a combination of ill yearss and lost productiveness ) . compared with people without the upset. In add-on. people with ADHD are 18 times every bit likely to be disciplined for behaviour or other work jobs. and likely to gain 20 % to 40 % less money than others. They are besides two to four times every bit likely as other employees to be terminated from a occupation. Treatment rates among employees with ADHD are particularly low. In the United States. for illustration. merely 13 % of workers with ADH D reported being treated for this status in the old 12 months. An investing in wellness The literature on mental wellness jobs in the workplace suggests that the personal toll on employees — and the fiscal cost to companies — could be eased if a greater proportion of workers who need intervention were able to have it. The writers of such surveies advise employees and employers to believe of mental wellness attention as an investing — one that’s worth the up-front clip and cost. Most of the research on the costs and benefits of intervention has been done on employees with depression. The surveies have found that when depression is adequately treated. companies cut down job-related accidents. ill yearss. and employee turnover. every bit good as better the figure of hours worked and employee productiveness. But the research besides suggests that intervention for depression is non a speedy hole. Although equal intervention alleviates symptoms and improves productiveness. one survey found that in the short term. employees may necessitate to take c lip off to go to clinical assignments or cut down their hours in order to retrieve. To get the better of barriers to accessing attention. and to do it more low-cost to companies. the National Institute of Mental Health is patronizing the Work Outcomes Research and Cost Effectiveness Study at Harvard Medical School. The research workers have published consequences from a randomized. controlled test of telephone showing and depression attention direction for workers at 16 big companies. stand foring a assortment of industries. During the two-phase survey. mental wellness clinicians employed by an insurance company identified workers who might necessitate intervention. provided information about how to entree it. monitored attachment to intervention. and provided telephone psychotherapeutics to those workers who did non desire to see a healer in individual. The results of 304 workers assigned to the intercession were compared with 300 controls. who were referred to clinicians for intervention but did non have telephone support. The research workers found that workers assigned to the telephone intercession reported significantly improved temper and were more likely to maintain their occupations when compared with those in the control group. They besides improved their productiveness. equivalent to about 2. 6 hours of excess work per hebdomad. worth about $ 1. 800 per twelvemonth ( based on mean rewards ) — while the intercession cost the employers an estimated $ 100 to $ 400 per treated employee. The research workers are carry oning extra research on how to better entree to mental wellness attention in the workplace. and to quantify costs and benefits for employers. Surveies such as these suggest that. in the long term. costs spent on mental wellness attention may stand for an investing that will pay off — non merely in healthier employees. but besides for the company’s fiscal wellness.

The Hundred Years War and War of the Roses free essay sample

The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was perhaps the first national war in Europe after Norman conquest England was a rising power, strong monarchy, no involvement in conflicts, English knights began rob their continental neighbours; simply because they were more powerful the fact that Edward III and Henry V had genealogical claims to the French throne was but an explanation for robbing the war was not a result of dynastic ambitions but a national matter, supported by the institutions (Parliament) it was much more profitable for an English knight to go to France to plunder than to poor Scotland that’s why in the early reign of Edward III English ambitions were redirected from Scotland to France; besides, Edward III spoke French, so he felt more at home there; French resistance against the English was actually weaker than Scottish: France did not have a spirit of the nation, was just a collection of lords; the war against France was also fuelled by the conflicts bet ween English and French merchants who sold wool to Flanders first great action of the war: battle of Sluys (1340) won by the English merchant navy; Edward III claimed the rights to the French throne and was, as the first English king, supported by the society, the Parliament; it rested on the hatred of the French in English-speaking common folk; the basis for the advantage of the English was a better social organisation: the French peasant serfs were strongly exploited and often rebelled; the English had a larger proportion of freemen, from whom the Edwards organised a trained army; the 14th century became the age of the longbow as a preferred, most powerful weapon; using it was practised by the English since early years (actually Edward III banned other sports: handball, football, hockey); English skilled archers could send an arrow through plates of armour English fighting strategy also included changing cavalry into infantry: dismounting from horses; the French were defeated by these tactics at Crecy (1346) (12,000 English against 30-40,000 French) after which Edward created his dominion in northern France and Poitiers (1 356); both battles were led by Edward the Black Prince (son of Edward III), who died in France and his son Richard II was the next king; the advantage of the English strategy was that it was defensive; later France was liberated by Du Guesclin, who changed the French strategy of blind attacks; English castles in France were successfully besieged with the use of cannon; Richard II found rival in his cousin, John Gaunt’s son, Hereford; he was murdered in his prison in 1400; Hereford was crowned as Henry IV in 1399 and opens the period of the Lancasters on the English throne (descendants of John de Gaunt) and the Yorks (descendants of his brother, Duke of York) Henry V, on his accession to the throne 1413, revived Edward III’s pretensions to the French Crown; using the strategy of the Black Prince he fought the French at Agincourt and decisively won – 1415; 5,900 English against 35,000 French (! ); 1420 Henry V was acknowledged heir to the French Crown by the Treaty of Troyes; 1422 he died, leaving his inheritance for his son, Henry VI; during the times of Henry VI came the second French revival, following the tactits of Du Guesclin; it was also the time of Jeanne D’Arc (Joan of Arc), a 17-year-old shepherdess who claimed to hearing the voice of God, persuaded him to take action, she had a flair for persuasion but no actual tactical, strategic or leadership ability together with Charles de Dauphin, Joan started the siege of Orleans (1429); It was successful for them; The French victory at Orleans was a major turning point for the French in the Hundred Years’ War Jeanne DArc was captured by the Burgundians, and turned over to the English, who found her innocent of witchcraft but guilty of schism (going against the Papacy and Church dogma by following the voice of God directly), and executed her later more victories of the French, but it took them more than 20 years until they drove the English away Results of the war: the break-up of English medieval society and a period of anarchy gaining the port of Calais for a hundred years after the war; bringing strong national self-consciousness; new patriotic feeling raised as racial hatred against the French (in the times of Elisabeth I these feelings turned against Spaniards) six years after Poitiers (1362), a statute was passed through Parliament that all judgements of English courts should be given in English and Latin (to replace French); also English became t he language taught at schools to the upper class it prepared way for English-tongue literature: Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton; WARS OF TWO ROSES the Wars of the Roses was a civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York both houses were branches of the Plantagenet royal house, tracing their descent(wywodzacych sie) from King Edward III the name Wars of the Roses was not used at the time, but has its origins in the badges(herby) chosen by the two royal houses, the Red Rose of Lancaster and the White Rose of York. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hundred Years War and War of the Roses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the reason of the conflict was the want for power, wealth and the Crown Henry VI (Lancaster) was considered a weak, ineffectual King after losing all French territories won by his predecessors; he was also known for episodes of mental illness in 1453 after the attack of Henry’s illness, a Council of Regency was set up with Lord Protector: Richard Plantagenet (head of House of York); but in 1455 Henry recovered and his power was taken by his strong wife Margaret of Anjou; Richard wanted to oppose her and the conflict started the first Battle of St. Albans; on each side there was a group of great nobles, knights, lawyers and clergy but changing of the sides and remaining neutral was very popular: most cities remained neutral and in return the armies were not destructive; the neutral majority of the society suffered little and trade went on as before; the combatants suffered severely; the fighting nobles were brutal in their treatment of one another; the war was a â₠¬Å"bleeding operation performed by the nobility upon their own body. To the nation it was a blessing in disguise. † like in France: the strategy: archers and infantry (lucznicy i piechota) the victorious figure was Edward IV from the House of York, whose restoration as King in 1471 was by some considered the end of the war the Yorkist king died suddenly in 1483, and political and dynastic turmoil erupted again; at the time of Edwards sudden and premature death, his heir, Edward V, was only 12 years old; Edward V was kept in the Tower of London, where he was later joined by his younger brother Richard Parliament gave the throne to Richard III (also York), on behalf of Edward V the two princes in the tower disappeared and were possibly murdered (mystery not finally resolved) Lancastrian hopes now centred on Henry Tudor, whose father had been an illegitimate half-brother of Henry VI; Henry Tudors forces defeated Richards at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 and Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England Henry strengthened his position by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and the best surviving Yorkist claimant He reunited the two royal houses, merging the rival symbols of the red and white roses into the new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rosea

Scenario Involving A One Sarah, An 86 Year Old Retired Nurse Who Refuses Medical Treatment For A Serious Life-Threatening Medical Condition The WritePass Journal

Scenario Involving A One Sarah, An 86 Year Old Retired Nurse Who Refuses Medical Treatment For A Serious Life-Threatening Medical Condition Introduction Scenario Involving A One Sarah, An 86 Year Old Retired Nurse Who Refuses Medical Treatment For A Serious Life-Threatening Medical Condition at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/html/005.htm). Human Rights Act (1998) Article 2 – the Right to Life Article 3- Article 3- Right not to be subjected to degrading treatment Article 8 – Right to Respect for Private and Family Life The Mental Capacity Act (2005) Case Law Airedale NHS Trust v Bland 1993 AC 789 Bethlem Royal Hospital and Maudsley Hospital [1985] AC 871 Chester v Afshar [2004] UKHL 41 Evans v UK (2007) 43 EHRR 21 F v W. Berkshire HA [1989] 2 All ER 545 Re JT [1998] 1FLR 48 (FD) Markose v Epsom St Helier NHS Trust [2004] EWHC 3130 (QB) Paton v United Kingdom3 EHRR 408 1980 Pretty v United Kingdom [2002] 2 FLR 612 R v Lancashire HA ex parte A (2000) 2 FCR 525 (on the application of Burke) v General Medical Council [2005] Q.B. 424http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/app/document?src=doclinktype=refcontext=9crumb-action=replacedocguid=I16EE5690673D11E18ED7DEE3C0946BB5 Re B (Adult: Refusal of Medical Treatment) 2002 EWHC (Fam.) Re C (Adult: Refusal of Treatment) 1993 Fam 95 Re F [1990] 2 A.C. 1 Re MB (An Adult: Medical treatment) [1997] 2 FLR 426 R (N) v Dr. M., A Health authority Trust and Dr. O [2002] EWHC 1911 Re T (Adult: Refusal of Medical Treatment) 1993 Fam 95 Re W [1992] 4 All ER 627, 633 Savage v South Essex partnership NHS Foundation trust (2006) EWHC 3562 Schoelendorff v New York hospital 211 N.Y. 125 1914 Slater v Baker and Stapleton [1767] 8 Geo 111 860 Trust A, Trust B v H (an Adult Patient) (Represented by her Litigation Friend, the Official Solicitor)[2006] EWHC 1230(Fam) Others: Mental Capacity Act Code of Practice; (accessed on 20.06.2012 at: www.dca.gov.uk/legal-policy/mentalcapacity/mca-cp.pdf). Journal articles Johnston, C., and Liddle, J. (2007), The Mental Capacity Act 2006: a new framework forhealthcare decision making, Journal of Medical Ethics,2007; 33:94-97 MacLean, A., (2012), ‘From Sidaway to Pearce and beyond: is the legal regulation of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  consent any better following a quarter of a century of judicial scrutiny?’ Med. L. Rev.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2012, 20(1), 108-129 Mallardi, V, The origin of Informed Consent, (Abstract written in English, Article in Italian) giving historical origins of the doctrine of informed consent dating way back to ancient Greeks and Egyptians (accessed on 15.06.2012 at: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16602332. Shaw, J (1986), Informed consent: a German lesson (1986) International Comparative Law Quarterly 864 Stein R, and Frances Swaine (2002), Ms B v An NHS Trust: the patients right to choose, 152 NLJ 642 Stirrat, G M and Gill, R, Autonomy in medical ethics after O’Neill, J Med Ethics 2005; 31:127–130

Greek Ethnic Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greek Ethnic Identity - Essay Example In world history, Greeks are one of the most prominent groups of people owing to their huge contribution to ancient civilization. With the constant reference to these people in antiquity’s historical, literary, philosophical, and architectural involvement, it becomes interesting to know who the Greeks through a deeper look at their ethnic identity. Starting at their first reference to themselves as Greeks which sets them apart to other groups, it should be noted that their ethnic identity has evolved through the different historical events and transitions that they went through. Thus, this paper will look at Greek identity during the antiquity and modern times.In the eyes of a Westerner, the term Greek is used to refer to any speaker of the Greek language regardless of their origin. Thus, Greek refer to either Mycenaean, Byzantian, and modern Greek recognizing that all these groups speak the same language amidst their time of existence. However, Greeks are very much particular about their racial purity denying the existence of â€Å"ethnological adulteration.† This very strong sense of racial purity is important to all the Greeks and is repeatedly communicated to all the non-Greeks. According to Shea (1997), â€Å"the Greek insistence on ethnological purity for its people is not unusual among expressions of nationalism.† Starting from the ancient Greeks, there has been this awareness and insistence that Greeks are homogenous without the influence or presence of cultural minorities. It goes strongly with the assertion of the Greeks of their lofty heritage and their perception of other ethnicities as being inferior. Thus, ethnic awareness of Greeks is centered on their belief of racial purity. In fact â€Å"Modern Greek identity is based on an unshakable conviction that the Greek State is ethnically homogenous. This belief ... has entailed repeated and official denial of the existence of minorities which are not of 'pure' Hellenic originâ₠¬ .

Television Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television - Research Paper Example Thus, for example, Steven Johnson strongly believes that TV, or some shows on TV might give its viewers â€Å"a good cognitive workout† (169). Such a mental workload can be activated through the shows that offer to its viewers the dialogues among various characters supplied with intersecting threads to follow, and to solve puzzles and mysteries, hidden in scenario. Current reality makes people to integrate massive amount of various information and this skill could be developed through TV shows that make its viewers to pay attention, track shifting social relationships and make inferences (Johnson 170). Despite the fact that there are some positive arguments for media and TV in particular, there are some obvious negative arguments as well. In addition to potential cognitive workout that can be obtained through the TV, children and adolescents can easily get an impressive portion of violent behavior. This threat is critical for children before age of 8, when they are not capable yet to discriminate between fantasy and real life (Introduction to Media Violence, n.p.). According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, on-screen violence is as real to this category of children as violence that they witness either at home or in their environment (Introduction to Media Violence, n.p.). ... In addition to the threat of violence perception through the media, excessive Internet use also might result in some negative consequences, including: cyber bullying, sexualization of children, dependence, and other harm to psychological function (Impact of Media on children 43). In addition to the threat of violence setting among children and young adolescents, media has impact on young people through the images and popularization of sex and drug use. Besides violence scenes, there is an abundant language referencing sex, sexual insinuation and sexual behavior reflected through both cable television and Internet. According to the study of 2002, the primetime television featured tobacco in 22%, alcohol in 77%, and illicit drug use in 20%. (Larson 169). Thus, continuous promotion (either active or passive) of sex, alcohol, and drug use causes desensitization to those behaviors among young adolescents. In addition to the all above stated threats, media also causes higher body and appea rance dissatisfaction, especially among young girls who tend to emulate the appearance of models (Bell and Dittmar 478). In addition to the above stated arguments, there is an opinion that the pervasiveness of television, radio, film, the World Wide Web and publishing works a harmful trigger of globalization impact (Introduction to Mass Media: Opposing Viewpoints n.p.). There is a strong belief that some of the far-reaching mass media act as catalysts for violence and protest against the West. While all we believe in freedom of speech and ethics of journalism, it is obvious that majority of the mass media sources are the tactical instruments in hands of politicians, national, international and local corporations/businesses. People can choose to hear or to see only

Effects of Bullying and Strategies for Bullying Prevention

Effects of Bullying and Strategies for Bullying Prevention Learning outcome 5 (5.1) Different types of bullying Bullying can have a wide range of negative effects on a child. It can happen at any age, any time and in many forms, not only face to face but also via mobile phones and online. The table below shows the different types of bullying and the effects. Reference/bibliography www.bullying.co.uk (5.2) Effects of bullying on children and young people The different types of bullying that have been identified in the table (physical, emotional, verbal, non-verbal, racial, and sexual and cyber) can have a wide range of effects on children and young people, which include the following. Changes in eating habits (reluctance to eat or binge eating) Reluctance to go to school (making up excuses that are made up such as stomach aches and feeling ill and playing truancy) Withdrawn behaviour and reluctance to communicate Seem upset and distressed Their belongings stolen or damaged whilst at school (ripped school uniform or bag or broken equipment) Physical injuries (may not always be visible e.g. hair pulling etc) Might have trouble sleeping Afraid to be on their own or spends too much time alone The effects of bullying can last a lifetime and have the flowing effects. Self harming (cutting wrists, scratching, hair loss, etc) Suicide Abuse alcohol and other drugs in adolescence and as adults Getting into fights, vandalizing property, and dropping out of school Getting into gangs/ gang fights Socialising with wrong members of the public (drug dealers) Engage in early sexual activity (for females become pregnant at a young age) Have criminal convictions Being abusive towards their partners, spouses or children as adults Children who witness bullying are more likely to do the following. Have increased use of drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs Have increased mental health problems, including depression and anxiety Miss or skip school which effects their education Responding to evidence of bullying Clear policies and procedures should be followed in the school setting when an allegation has been made or evidence of bullying has been seen. Each school setting will have a anti-bullying and behaviour policy in place outlining what constitutes bullying and the standard of behaviour that is expected in the school. Anti bullying policy The anti bullying policy will set out a definition of what constitutes bullying and the different types of bullying that can be experienced. I will include the following. Unacceptable behaviour and definitions of this The responsibilities that the school holds for ensuring that action is taken if allegations are made or bullying is suspected Responsibilities of staff and governors Pupils have the right to learn free from intimidation and fear The needs of the victim are paramount School’s will not tolerate bullying behaviour Bullied pupils will be listened to Reported incidents would be taken seriously and thoroughly investigated Behaviour policy The behaviour policy will usually set out the rule and responsibilities of children and teachers within the school setting and the types of behaviour that are not acceptable. It will show the consequences of non-compliance and the procedures that will be followed if unacceptable behaviour takes place. Policies and procedures should come into force to ensure that bullying is stopped, and to make sure it does not happen again. The victim should have a meeting with the teacher to put together strategies in case the situation occurs again Point out that the behaviour that has occurred is unacceptable, and provide information how they are going to be monitored Meeting with staff and other children who have witnessed the bullying should take place to obtain additional evidence Consider if external agencies should get involved Make use of curriculum to restore self esteem in the victim and to discuss bullying and unacceptable behaviour Behaviour policy for schools would include the following. To create a consistent environment that expects, encourages and recognises good behaviour and one in which everyone feels happy and safe To help pupils develop self respect, self control and accountability for their own behaviour To encourage the partnership between home and school Staff responsibilities To role model good behaviour and positive relationships To emphasise the importance of values and being valued To provide an effective learning and teaching environment To encourage positive relationships based on kindness, empathy and respect To ensure fair treatment for all regardless of ability, age, sex, or race Show appreciation of the efforts and contributions of everyone Children should learn to expect recognition for positive behaviour and fair and consistency applied consequences for inappropriate behaviour. Recognition and praise should be given where ever possible for both work and behaviour. These recognitions and praise could be the following. Stickers for good behaviour (warn by the child) Positive recognition to parents for good behaviour House points awarded Good behaviour notes sent home by parents Certificates (presented in assembly) All these policies and procedures are in place to ensure the school’s expectations and standards are met. All school’s have policies and procedures in place to support staff and children from situations such as bullying to provide a safe and secure environment for the children to learn and be happy in. children should have the right to learn in a safe, secure and anti-bullying environment and these policies help children from doing that. Behaviour policies also help in the school setting by encouraging children and staff to behave how they should and be treated how they would like to be treated I appositive way. Reference/bibliography www.stopbulkying.gov.uk (5.3) Supporting a child when bullying is suspected or alleged Within a school setting there are policies and procedures in place for the correct procedure to be followed if a child is being bullied or if bullying is suspected. As a support assistant it is very important that they are approachable so that children feel able to confide any instances of bullying. Some children who are being bullied would find it difficult and would be scared to share their feelings and to report the bullying. It is important to reassure the children that they have done the right thing in reporting the bullying, and that they will be 100% supported now that the bullying has been disclosed. Parents should be made aware of the school behaviour and anti-bullying policies to inform them of their child’s rights and the ways that the school can support them. When dealing with a child who is being bullied they can be upset but may not show their feelings. It is very important to take the problem seriously. The child has to be listened to and re-assured that they are doing the right thing by sharing their worries and feelings. For parents the signs to look out for if a child is being bullied are. Coming home with damaged or missing clothes, without money they should have, or with scratches or bruises they shouldn’t have Having trouble with homework for no apparent reason Using a different route between home and school Feeling irritable, easily upset or particularly emotional What can you do if you suspect a child is being bullied? Reference/bibliography www.nhs.uk www.bullying.co.uk

A Class Divided Reflection Essay

Everyone is likely to experience some form of discrimination or prejudice; as is anyone capable of acting prejudiced towards others. On April 5th, 1968, a teacher in Riceville, Iowa named Jane Elliot conducted an experiment with her third grade class that dealt with the concept of discrimination; and was documented in Peters’ 1985 ‘A Class Divided’. The exercise originally took place the day after Martin Luther King was assassinated. The documentary is an eye opener to the world of racism and discrimination. Bucher (2010) describes racism as â€Å"discrimination based on the belief that one race is superior to another† (97). According to Bucher (2010) â€Å"discrimination is defined as the unequal treatment of people on the basis of their group membership† (100). Bucher goes on to say â€Å"treatment varies because of race, age, gender, social class or any number of other dimensions of diversity† (100). ‘A Class Divided’ exposes t hat discrimination doesn’t just go to the extent to the color of skin, culture or ethnicity, but discrimination can fall into any physical characteristics, social status, having a developmental disability, simply being a woman, and in this case the color of your eyes. The concept Elliot is teaching, is that racism is a learned behavior and not part of human genetics. This blue eyed versus brown eyed people experiment establishes that thinking and acting racist is learned. She also proves it can be unlearned. She wants us to see through the myth of white superiority. How we are told to believe that racism no longer exists and that it’s not as simple as the KKK. Today racism and discrimination go much further and are more complex. It’s being able to vote; it’s the stereotypes â€Å"an unverified and oversimplified generalization about an entire group of people† (Bucher, 2010, 86), children learn growing up; it’s portraying the colored people as the bad ones and the white people as victims; it’s not having the equal rights and opportunities. Elliot’s exercise with her class shows the effects of when there is a distinguished group of superiors and inferiors. A month from now I will recall several scenes from the movie. Especially all the faces and emotions the children went through when part of the inferior group. When Mrs. Elliot told her class that brown eyed people are not to get second helpings at lunch time, one little brown eyed girl looked utterly heartbroken. The scene that I’ll probably remember most is when Ms. Elliot did the test on the adults. It was shocking and interesting to see how adults act in such a situation as being discriminated against. Another scene that stood out was when the superior group of children felt like they were in power; they completely turned on the other group with no remorse. Best friends became worst enemies, and they didn’t even think twice about it. Elliot conducted this experiment on her third grade class based on students having blues eyes or brown eyes. The first day the blue eyed children would be superiors, because blue eyed people are better and smarter than brown eyed people, thus they were given extra privileges. For example, the superior blue eyed children were entitled to seconds for lunch, but the inferior brown eyed children were not, in fears they might take too much food. The superior group received unearned privileges, defined by Bucher (2010) as â€Å"those benefits in life that we have through no effort of our own† (135), like five extra minutes at recess and being allowed to play on the playground equipment. Just as blacks were forced to use segregated restrooms and water fountains, the inferior brown eyed people could not drink directly from the fountain; they were required to use a cup. The brown eyed children were also made to wear a collar around their necks, that way, they could be told apart, just as African Americans can be discriminated against from a distance. Elliot gave recognition to the blue eyed kids on being hard working, fast learners, while the brown eyed children were found at fault and told they were not as smart. On the day blue eyed people were superior; she brings up the point that blue eyed fathers never kick their children, like one brown eyed boy’s father had done the prior week. But when blue eyed Russell forgot his glasses the following day, it had to be because he has blue eyes, since Susan, whom has brown eyes, remembered her glasses. Elliot also led the children to decide that since blue eyed Greg said he likes to hit his litter  sister, this conveys blue eyed people are naughty. From here, we witness some of superior blue eyed kids began to act arrogant and bossy to the inferior brown eyed kids. Blue eyed Russell was taunting John at recess, calling him ‘brown eyes’ and John retaliated by hitting him. After the two boys fought at recess the teacher asked if responding with violence made him feel better, he replied no. His answer goes to show that responding with violence is ineffective and a waste of time and energy. They compared it to someone calling a black man the N-word. Even academic achievement goes up when the children were in the superior group. When doing the card packs the first day the brown eyed children spent five and half minutes to go through the deck, while the superior blue eyed children spent only three minutes, the following day the superior group of brown eyed students took only two and a half minutes compared to the four minutes and eighteen seconds of the inferior blue eyed group. In the documentary the kids didn’t refuse to obey their teacher, even during the exercise, but surprisingly when doing the exercise with the adults, they also followed along with her every order. Not even one of the adults stood their ground, as Ms. Elliot kept throwing out negative comments, the adults never really argued with her. This is because if they would have argued it would have made them seem argumentative and disobedient which would have just made the situation worse. When being discriminated against, one feels hopeless. Maybe they felt as if their words wouldn’t mean anything, even if spoken. While in the prison seminar, one of the white woman said that all people face some kind of discrimination, another woman disagrees by saying that whites can’t really know what it’s like to face discrimination every day. There is no way that a white person will ever feel or know what it’s like to face the discrimination that African Americans have ex perienced. Watching ‘A Class Divided’ really brought along a lot of different feelings. First and foremost I learned from watching the kid’s scene that you work better when you feel better and when you feel confident. Ms. Elliot’s way of showing these kids about discrimination and racism was very effective and  taught the kids that no one person is different from the next, we all were created equal and it isn’t right to judge. It is important for every child to learn in the early stages of life that everybody under the sun is created equally. We may not look the same, or dress the same, some of us may have a higher social status than others, but at the end of the day we still walk the same Earth, nobody is better than the next. The biggest impact from seeing the video is that it shows how easily discrimination can be taught to a young impressionable child. As Elliot explains that we adults train our children to think this way when we past judgment and then th ey see it and grow up to be familiar with it and think of it as ordinary. Works Cited Bucher, R. D. (2010). Diversity Consciousness Third Edition: opening our minds to people, cultures, and opportunities. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Peters, W. (Director). (1985). A class divided. Washington, DC: PBS Video [Frontline].

Low-Wage Workers

It is not easy being a low-wage worker. In my case, I am a family man. I have a wife who just stays at home without any source of income and two kids who go to school. Sad to say, I am among the 30 million workers who earn less than $9 an hour. The truth is I do not want to be a low-wage worker but I do not have a choice. I never went to college. What kind of jobs is in store for high-school graduates only? If you want to know the answer, just look at me now. I was hired because I was referred by a friend who used to work for the company I am working for at present. Not that I did not have the qualifications for the job, but nowadays, referrals help a lot. After filling out the standardized bio-data, I was called for interview directly. Drug tests were not required. My employer is Chinese and runs a family business, so most of the higher positions are held by family members except for some employees who have worked their all their lives. The one who interviewed me was the Executive Vice-President of the company who happens to be the wife of the President. She was kind. Not the type I expected to be. She was very calm in asking questions, as if I have known her for a long time. I did not feel very uncomfortable. She encouraged me to speak my thoughts, which was good because I need not worry too much about what to say. Our relationship at present is fairly good. But still my sentiments of a low-paying job with almost no benefits remain to cause me more difficulties in life. I keep on asking myself, â€Å"When will I get out of this dead-end job?† My fellow employees come in two categories: the well-paid workers with benefits and those who are like me with minimal benefits. I am not counting the employed family members because of course, the get good pay. Those who have higher positions usually have graduated from college with good to excellent scholastic record. These are the employees who possess innate, learned, and transferable skills. There was some who just finished high-school but they have special skills which are indispensable in the company. The ones like me are graduates of high-school only, with limited skills and abilities except for some. This is the reason why after working for 10 years in this company, I hardly get a raise. If I or any of my family members get sick, we simply incur debts to be able to attend to our medications. In terms of the working conditions, it is quite disappointing. The warehouses where I work are not well-equipped. They do not even have a decent comfort room. We share lockers, too. Our break room is close to dilapidation so rest periods can be hardly called rest at all. As to breaks, we have 30-minute lunch breaks from 12:00-12:30 then 2 bathroom privileges, one in the morning and another in the afternoon. My employer, I think, is a large corporation because it has seven branches in the country though each establishment is not really as big as other large companies. It has hundreds of employees so maybe it is indeed a big investment. During working hours, we rarely talk with my co-workers. However, we get to discuss some topics while taking our breaks such as our family lives. Usually they are family problems and we can only share them to the people at work to at least ease out a bit. We also chat about current events, latest happenings inside and outside the workplace, entertainment, and just about anything under the sun. Labor unions have declined over the past few years. But at times we talk about it. Generally, my co-workers especially those who have worked for a long time in the company, have always wanted to form a union where we could express our sentiments to our employers. Maybe, this would have improved our status in this company. Nevertheless, no one has really had the guts to lead us. Inasmuch as I wanted to help, I chose to have a job rather than not having one at all. I am scared of being jobless. I am still thankful even if I am only a low-wage worker. Works Cited Hansen, Randall. â€Å"Surviving and Moving Beyond Low-Wage Jobs: Solutions for an Invisible Workforce in America.† Quintessential Careers. 28 June 2007 . Low-Wage Workers It is not easy being a low-wage worker. In my case, I am a family man. I have a wife who just stays at home without any source of income and two kids who go to school. Sad to say, I am among the 30 million workers who earn less than $9 an hour. The truth is I do not want to be a low-wage worker but I do not have a choice. I never went to college. What kind of jobs is in store for high-school graduates only? If you want to know the answer, just look at me now. I was hired because I was referred by a friend who used to work for the company I am working for at present. Not that I did not have the qualifications for the job, but nowadays, referrals help a lot. After filling out the standardized bio-data, I was called for interview directly. Drug tests were not required. My employer is Chinese and runs a family business, so most of the higher positions are held by family members except for some employees who have worked their all their lives. The one who interviewed me was the Executive Vice-President of the company who happens to be the wife of the President. She was kind. Not the type I expected to be. She was very calm in asking questions, as if I have known her for a long time. I did not feel very uncomfortable. She encouraged me to speak my thoughts, which was good because I need not worry too much about what to say. Our relationship at present is fairly good. But still my sentiments of a low-paying job with almost no benefits remain to cause me more difficulties in life. I keep on asking myself, â€Å"When will I get out of this dead-end job?† My fellow employees come in two categories: the well-paid workers with benefits and those who are like me with minimal benefits. I am not counting the employed family members because of course, the get good pay. Those who have higher positions usually have graduated from college with good to excellent scholastic record. These are the employees who possess innate, learned, and transferable skills. There was some who just finished high-school but they have special skills which are indispensable in the company. The ones like me are graduates of high-school only, with limited skills and abilities except for some. This is the reason why after working for 10 years in this company, I hardly get a raise. If I or any of my family members get sick, we simply incur debts to be able to attend to our medications. In terms of the working conditions, it is quite disappointing. The warehouses where I work are not well-equipped. They do not even have a decent comfort room. We share lockers, too. Our break room is close to dilapidation so rest periods can be hardly called rest at all. As to breaks, we have 30-minute lunch breaks from 12:00-12:30 then 2 bathroom privileges, one in the morning and another in the afternoon. My employer, I think, is a large corporation because it has seven branches in the country though each establishment is not really as big as other large companies. It has hundreds of employees so maybe it is indeed a big investment. During working hours, we rarely talk with my co-workers. However, we get to discuss some topics while taking our breaks such as our family lives. Usually they are family problems and we can only share them to the people at work to at least ease out a bit. We also chat about current events, latest happenings inside and outside the workplace, entertainment, and just about anything under the sun. Labor unions have declined over the past few years. But at times we talk about it. Generally, my co-workers especially those who have worked for a long time in the company, have always wanted to form a union where we could express our sentiments to our employers. Maybe, this would have improved our status in this company. Nevertheless, no one has really had the guts to lead us. Inasmuch as I wanted to help, I chose to have a job rather than not having one at all. I am scared of being jobless. I am still thankful even if I am only a low-wage worker. Works Cited Hansen, Randall. â€Å"Surviving and Moving Beyond Low-Wage Jobs: Solutions for an Invisible Workforce in America.† Quintessential Careers. 28 June 2007 .

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